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    "Banten; Suatu Ketika'

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    TWO MALAY LETTERS IN THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF DENMARK
    RE-EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY
    P. VOORHOEVE

    In the 17th century the Danish extended their commercial activities from their settlement in Tranquebar on the Coromandel Coast to various parts of Indonesia. These relations to no small extent came into being through the cooperation and advice of Dutchmen who found the road to Asia barred to their own enterprises because of the Dutch United Company monopoly1.  Thus we find in the Danish National Archives some Malay letters to kings of Denmark accompanied by Dutch translations. Two of these letters have been published by Danish historians.

    They are re-edited here because original Malay manuscripts dated inthe 17th century are scarce, and because they are good specimens of thestyle of letter writing at Indonesian courts at that time.On January 7th, 16705 both the Sultan and the Shahbandar ofBanten (Western Java) wrote letters to King Frederic III of Denmark.



    The Sultanate of Banten AD 1750-1808: A social and cultural history
    Thesis of Dinar Boontharm (Hull University)

    There are two  contrasting  scenes in  the history of Banten:  a history of  a prosperous port  sultanate in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  century,  and  a history of  a dark  and oppressed  nineteenth-century  society.  The  eighteenth  century  represents  a  gap between  the  two  scenes. Historians  have understood  that  during  this  period  the Dutch East  India  Company  (VOC)  turned  Banten  a  backwater of  Java.  Only  a  limited numbers  of
    historians,  however,  have paid  their  attention  on  the  study  of  Banten history  during  the second half  of  the eighteenth  century.

    It  is the aim of  this  thesis to study Banten society in  this period  to demonstrate  its dynamics  in  both  upper  and lower strata.  The  thesis  focuses  only  on  the  social  and cultural  aspects of  the  late-eighteenth-century  Banten  society.  Indigenous  sources, the law-book  and  the  records  of  the  Kadi  Court,  are mainly  examined  to  draw up  the picture  of a living  Southeast Asian  society. The  study begins with  the  examination  of  the  two  authorities holding  the sovereignty  over  the  sultanate,  the  Sultan  and the VOC.